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Verb-irregularities, rule VI (cons x2)

Rule VI: cons x2 (double consonants)

 VI.Abbreviation:cons x2 and (c, ck)
  Description: Consonant doubling
  Example verb: 7.to permit
  Application:

 
  1. General rule

    • if a verb ends on vocal + consonant and if the verb has only one vocal then the final consonant is doubled (e.g. "to shop" => "shopped / shopping", "to get" => "getting")
    • "y" counts as a vocal here

  2. Restriction to the general rule

    • excepted from this general rule are the final consonants "w", "x" and "y" (e.g. "to show" => "showed / showing", not "showwed / showwing")
    • excluded as well are all verbs that have a double vocal before the final consonant (e.g. "to read" => "reading" or "to book" => "booking" and not "readding" or "bookking")

  3. Further rules for consonant doubling

    • if the final consonant is a "c", then this consonant does not get doubled but is replaced with "ck" (e.g. "to frolic" => "frolicked")
    • if the final consonant is an "l", then in case of British English this consonant will always be doubled (e.g. "to signal" => "signalling").
    • All now remaining verbs do only double their final consonant if the respective verb is stored in the list of verbs with consonant doubling.

 Validity:Present:-
  Past: all forms
  Imperative: -
  Present Participle: always
  Past Participle: always


also see:

Verb-irregularities - overview



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Copyright H.Bischoff 2005-2023. All rights reserved